What claims do they make?
One of the main concerns of the author was that a lot of high school students graduate at a basic or below basic level and in order to raise these levels, disciplinary literacy must be embedded into content area instruction. They mention in the article about how disciplinary literacy will help academic achievement. To incorporate disciplinary literacy into the classroom, Hillman adds to the article that one must “link experts’ advanced skills to the beginning skills of students as apprentices in the discipline” (Collins, Brown, & Newman, 1989; Schoenbach, Greenleaf, & Murphy, 2012). Hillman states that mathematical literacy is not mentioned in the common core standards, but that it should be explored and disciplinary literacy in math should be pushed more. Hillman also argues that there are challenges of mathematical literacy such as the way that students use reasoning while problem solving. The second article I read was arguing about how the role of literacy is ignored in math and how teachers mostly just teach the students what they need to know, rather than having them try to think deeper about why they are doing what they are doing.
How do they support those claims? — aka what kind of evidence? What do you notice about the way the evidence is worded?
Hillman uses plenty of evidence while supporting her claims- Gee is one of them! The evidence used are all facts or opinions from other researchers and she uses them to back up her claims. The study in Shanahan et al’s article mentioned how they surveyed students in different disciplines (math, science and history) and compared them rather than took results from students of different academic proficiency (this study was done previously).
Hillman, A. M. (2013). A literature review on disciplinary literacy: How do secondary teachers apprentice students into mathematical literacy? Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 57(5), 397-406.
Shanahan, C., Shanahan, T., & Misischia, C. (2011). Analysis of expert readers in three disciplines: History, mathematics, and chemistry. Journal of Literacy Research, 43(4), 393-429.Wimmer, J. J., Siebert, D., & Draper, R. (2017). Digital mathematics literacies. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 60(5), 577-580.
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